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Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol, (October 2012), Volume No. 10, Issue 02  
 
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Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012 ; 10 ( 02 ) : 87-94 -
, ESP - 14  
Original articles
Vitamin D supplementation and the risk of infections in fullterm infants: Correlations with the maternal serum vitamin D
Abdel-Azeem M. El-Mazary   Mohamed Abdel-Maaboud,   Mo`men MM   Khaled A. Nasef      
Background: Recently, epidemiologic and genetic studies suggest a vital and complex role of vitamin D on immune system function and regulation. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked with susceptibility to infection and autoimmune diseases. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of infections in early life is still under investigations . Objective: To examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the first 6-months of life on the immunity and risk of infections during the first year in infants . Methods: A prospective controlled study included 99 full term infants divided into two groups: group I included 48 infants supplemented with daily 400 I.U vitamin D for 6-months and group II included 51 infants not supplemented with vitamin D. Investigations needed for diagnosis of respiratory, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract infections were addressed every visit until the infants' first birth day. Two mls of maternal blood were withdrawn for 25-hydroxy vitamin D assessment using radioimmunoassay . Results: The incidence of infections totally were less common in infants supplemented with daily vitamin D than those not supplemented (p value = 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and maternal vitamin D levels (p value = 0.001, r= -0.65, versus p value = 0.001, r= -0.61 respectively).There were significant negative correlations between the incidence of both respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and gestational ages, weights of infants, normal vaginal delivery, or rural residence. There were significant positive correlations between the incidence of both respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and maternal age, multigravida, neonatal dark skin and paternal smoking . Conclusions: The findings support the importance of vitamin D supplementation for the first 6-months of life as well as maintaining normal maternal serum vitamin D levels during pregnancy for its importance for the skeletal system and innate immunity in infants.